Strukturschwache Räume im Standortwettbewerb - Fallanalyse Kärnten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Städte Klagenfurt und Villach

Mit Kärnten wurde eine Region untersucht, die im Vergleich zu anderen Regionen Österreichs eher ländlich strukturiert und wirtschaftlich strukturschwach ist. Nach Jahrzehnten der Grenzlage im europäischen Binnenmarkt sieht sich Kärnten aufgrund der EU-Osterweiterung sowohl mit neuen Chancen für die Standortentwicklung als auch mit einem erhöhten Wettbewerbsdruck aufgrund osteuropäischer Konkurrenz konfrontiert. Der in den zurückliegenden Jahren durch wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen auf Landesebene eingeleitete technologieorientierte Strukturwandel zeigt, dass auch in einem durch nachholende Entwicklung geprägten Wirtschaftsraum auf neue Herausforderungen im Standortwettbewerb erfolgreich reagiert werden kann. Dies gilt vor allem für die beiden Städte Klagenfurt und Villach, die als regionale Ballungszentren einen Entwicklungsmotor für das gesamte Bundesland bilden.Here the investigation turns to Kärnten, a region that is more rural and has a weaker economic structure than other Austrian regions. After decades of being a border region in the European internal market, the eastwards extension of the EU is now bringing the Kärnten location both new development chances and also increased competitive pressure due to East European competition. In recent years the state has been pursuing economic policy measures to introduce technology-oriented structural transformation, a course that shows that even in an economic area characterised by catch-up development it is possible to react successfully to new challenges in locational competition. This is particularly true of the two cities of Klagenfurt and Villach, regional conglomerations that drive development for the entire federal state

Dengue-1 Virus Isolation during First Dengue Fever Outbreak on Easter Island, Chile

Dengue virus was detected for the first time in Chile, in an outbreak of dengue fever on Easter Island. The virus was isolated in tissue culture and characterized by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction as being dengue type 1

Common Goods for Health : Economic Rationale and Tools for Prioritization

This paper presents the economic rationale for treating Common Goods for Health (CGH) as priorities for public intervention. We use the concept of market failure as a central argument for identifying CGH and apply cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) as a normative tool to prioritize CGH interventions in public finance decisions. We show that CGH are consistent with traditional lists of public health core functions but cannot be identified separately from non-CGH activities in such lists. We propose a public finance decision tree, adapted from existing health economics tools, to identify CGH activities within the set of cost-effective interventions for the health sector. We test the framework by applying it to the 2018 Disease Control Priority (DCP) list of interventions recommended for public funding and find that less than 10% of cost-effective interventions unconditionally qualify as CGH, while another two-thirds may or may not qualify depending on context and form. We conclude that while CEA can be used as a tool to prioritize CGH, the scarcity of such analyses for CGH interventions may be partly responsible for the lack of priority given to them. We encourage further research to address methodological and resource challenges to assessing the cost-effectiveness of CGH intervention packages, in particular those involving large investments and long-term benefits

The zika virus disease: An overview

The zika virus, another re-emerging Flavivirus transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, is responsible for the most recent fever outbreak in the Americas and the Pacific, starting in 2015. The immunologically naïve population in the Americas favors the spread of epidemics. The zika fever is characterized by febrile illness, malaise, conjunctivitis and a maculopapular rash. Similar to other arboviroses recently spread in the Americas, there is no specific or effective antiviral therapy and vaccines are still in trials. The only effective preventive measures consist of individual protection against mosquito bites and vector control. This febrile illness increases the epidemiological and public health challenge existing in America, where the population is already fighting against dengue and chikungunya fever. Disease prevention is important due to the economic burden it entails. The fact of sexual and transfusion virus transmission is a great challenge to overcome. Doctors need to distinguish between dengue, chikungunya and other diseases to give a successful treatment and prevent the disease spreading

Estimating the Public Health Impact of Rabies

Rabies is a fatal, preventable zoonosis, but it is not effectively controlled throughout much of the developing world. The impetus for control is hampered by a lack of awareness of its true impact. We estimate a disability-adjusted life year (DALY) score for rabies to quantify the disease impact relative to other diseases to set priorities for public health interventions

Technical document for the implementation of interventions based on generic operational scenarios for Aedes aegypti control

Traditional methods to control the Aedes vector have had only a limited and temporary impact on disease prevention, either because they are not very effective or their coverage is limited. This publication provides a framework for planning and implementing Aedes aegypti surveillance, prevention, and vector control activities through risk stratification to support the development of potential operational scenarios at the local level. A comprehensive table provides a snapshot of “Entomological indicators (available methods) and main entomological indexes for A. aegypti surveillance.

Accelerating the dual elimination of mother‐to‐child transmission of syphilis and HIV: Why now?

Even though the elimination of congenital syphilis has been on the maternal and child health (MCH) agenda for over a decade, elimination has not yet been achieved; what, then, are the factors currently facilitating the elimination of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of syphilis

Indigenous Dengue Fever, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Fil: Natiello, Marcela. Hospital de Infecciosas “Francisco Javier Muñiz”; Argentina.Fil: Ritacco, Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina.Fil: Morales, María Alejandra. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas "Dr. Julio Maiztegui"; Argentina.Fil: Deodato, Bettina. Hospital de Infecciosas “Francisco Javier Muñiz”; Argentina.Fil: Picollo, Marisa. Hospital de Infecciosas “Francisco Javier Muñiz”; Argentina.Fil: Dinerstein, Edith. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos “Evita”; Argentina.Fil: Enria, Delia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas "Dr. Julio Maiztegui" Argentina

The interface between health sector reform and human resources in health

The relationship between health sector reform and the human resources issues raised in that process has been highlighted in several studies. These studies have focused on how the new processes have modified the ways in which health workers interact with their workplace, but few of them have paid enough attention to the ways in which the workers have influenced the reforms. The impact of health sector reform has modified critical aspects of the health workforce, including labor conditions, degree of decentralization of management, required skills and the entire system of wages and incentives. Human resources in health, crucial as they are in implementing changes in the delivery system, have had their voice heard in many subtle and open ways – reacting to transformations, supporting, blocking and distorting the proposed ways of action. This work intends to review the evidence on how the individual or collective actions of human resources are shaping the reforms, by spotlighting the reform process, the workforce reactions and the factors determining successful human resources participation. It attempts to provide a more powerful way of predicting the effects and interactions in which different "technical designs" operate when they interact with the human resources they affect. The article describes the dialectic nature of the relationship between the objectives and strategies of the reforms and the objectives and strategies of those who must implement them

The efficacy of chemical agents in cleaning and disinfection programs

BACKGROUND: Due to the growing number of outbreaks of infection in hospital nurseries, it becomes essential to set up a sanitation program that indicates that the appropriate chemical agent was chosen for application in the most effective way. METHOD: For the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of a chemical agent, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was reached by the classic method of successive broth dilutions. The reference bacteria utilized were Bacillus subtilis var. globigii ATCC 9372, Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 7953, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The strains of Enterobacter cloacae IAL 1976 (Adolfo Lutz Institute), Serratia marcescens IAL 1478 and Acinetobactev calcoaceticus IAL 124 (ATCC 19606), were isolated from material collected from babies involved in outbreaks of infection in hospital nurseries. RESULTS: The MIC intervals, which reduced bacteria populations over 08 log(10), were: 59 to 156 mg/L of quaternarium ammonium compounds (QACs); 63 to 10000 mg/L of chlorhexidine digluconate; 1375 to 3250 mg/L of glutaraldehyde; 39 to 246 mg/L of formaldehyde; 43750 to 87500 mg/L of isopropanol or ethanol; 1250 to 6250 mg/L of iodine in polyvinyl-pyrolidone complexes, 150 to 4491 mg/L of chlorine-releasing-agents (CRAs); 469 to 2500 mg/L of hydrogen peroxide; and, 2310 to 18500 mg/L of peracetic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Chlorhexidine showed non inhibitory activity over germinating spores. A. calcoaceticus, was observed to show resistance to the majority of the agents tested, followed by E. cloacae and S. marcescens